الرد على شبهة زواج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من عائشة رضي الله عنهما بعمر السادسة و دخوله عليها في التاسعة

**محمد سني** · 24 ديس, 2019, 07:32 م

ثالثا : مصادر النصارى تقرر ان عمر مريم عليها السلام عند زواجها من يوسف النجار كان 12 سنة .

و ادلتنا على هذا القول تنقسم الى قسمين :
1. اناجيل و كتابات ابوكريفية تصرح ان عمر مريم عليها السلام كان 12 سنة عند الزواج من يوسف النجار و الغاية من هذا الاستشهاد بيان ان بعض الفرق النصرانية امنت بان عمر مريم عليها السلام كان 12 سنة عند الزواج .

نقرا من كتاب تاريخ يوسف النجار الابوكريفي :
((3. Now when righteous Joseph became a widower, my mother Mary, blessed, holy, and pure, was already twelve years old. For her 389
parents offered her in the temple when she was three years of age, and she remained in the temple of the Lord nine years. Then when the priests saw that the virgin, holy and God-fearing, was growing up, they spoke to each other, saying: Let us search out a man, righteous and pious, to whom Mary may be entrusted until the time of her marriage; lest, if she remain in the temple, it happen to her as is wont to happen to women, and lest on that account we sin, and God be angry with us.
4. Therefore they immediately sent out, and assembled twelve old men of the tribe of Judah. And they wrote down the names of the twelve tribes of Israel. And the lot fell upon the pious old man, righteous Joseph. Then the priests answered, and said to my blessed mother: Go with Joseph, and be with him till the time of your marriage. Righteous Joseph therefore received my mother, and led her away to his own house. And Mary found James the Less in his father’s house, broken-hearted and sad on account of the loss of his mother, and she brought him up. Hence Mary was called the mother of James.1715 Thereafter Joseph left her at home, and went away to the shop where he wrought at his trade of a carpenter. And after the holy virgin had spent two years in his house her age was exactly fourteen years, including the time at which he received her.))
https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf...m6y6f8vZ_D1Wvc

نقرا من انجيل يعقوب الابوكريفي :
((8. And her parents went down marvelling, and praising the Lord God, because the child had not turned back. And Mary was in the temple of the Lord as if she were a dove that dwelt there, and she received food from the hand of an angel. And when she was twelve years old there was held a council of the priests, saying: Behold, Mary has reached the age of twelve years in the temple of the Lord. What then shall we do with her, lest perchance she defile the sanctuary of the Lord? And they said to the high priest: You stand by the altar of the Lord; go in, and pray concerning her; and whatever the Lord shall manifest unto you, that also will we do. And the high priest went in, taking the robe with the twelve bells into the holy of holies; and he prayed concerning her. And behold an angel of the Lord stood by him, saying unto him: Zacharias, Zacharias, go out and assemble the widowers of the people, and let them bring each his rod; and to whomsoever the Lord shall show a sign, his wife shall she be. And the heralds went out through all the circuit of Judæa, and the trumpet of the Lord sounded, and all ran.
9. And Joseph, throwing away his axe, went out to meet them; and when they had assembled, they went away to the high priest, taking with them their rods. And he, taking the rods of all of them, entered into the temple, and prayed; and having ended his prayer, he took the rods and came out, and gave them to them: but there was no sign in them, and Joseph took his rod last; and, behold, a dove came out of the rod, and flew upon Joseph's head. And the priest said to Joseph, You have been chosen by lot to take into your keeping the virgin of the Lord. But Joseph refused, saying: I have children, and I am an old man, and she is a young girl. I am afraid lest I become a laughing-stock to the sons of Israel. And the priest said to Joseph: Fear the Lord your God, and remember what the Lord did to Dathan, and Abiram, and Korah; Numbers 16:31-33 how the earth opened, and they were swallowed up on account of their contradiction. And now fear, O Joseph, lest the same things happen in your house. And Joseph was afraid, and took her into his keeping. And Joseph said to Mary: Behold, I have received you from the temple of the Lord; and now I leave you in my house, and go away to build my buildings, and I shall come to you. The Lord will protect you.))
http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0847.htm

و نقرا من انجيل متى العبري الابوكريفي الفصل الثامن :
((Now it came to pass, when she was fourteen1632 years old, and on this account there was occasion for the Pharisees’ saying that it was now a custom that no woman of that ages should abide in the temple of God, they fell upon the plan of sending a herald through all the tribes of Israel, that on the third day all should come together into the temple of the Lord. And when all the people had come together, Abiathar the high priest rose, and mounted on a higher step, that he might be seen and heard by all the people; and when great silence had been obtained, he said: Hear me, O sons of Israel, and receive my words into your ears. Ever since this temple was built by Solomon, there have been in it virgins, the daughters of kings and the daughters of prophets, and of high priests and priests; and they were great, and worthy of admiration. But when they came to the proper age they were given in marriage, and followed the course of their mothers before them, and were pleasing to God. But a new order of life has been found out by Mary alone, who promises that she will remain a virgin to God. Wherefore it seems to me, that through our inquiry and the answer of God we should try to ascertain to whose keeping she ought to be entrusted. Then these words found favour with all the synagogue. And the lot was cast by the priests upon the twelve tribes, and the lot fell upon the tribe of Judah. And the priest said: To-morrow let every one who has no wife come, and bring his rod in his hand. Whence it happened that Joseph1633 brought his rod along with the young men. .......And when he was humbly standing last of all, the high priest cried out to him with a loud voice, saying: Come, Joseph, and receive thy rod; for we are waiting for thee. And Joseph came up trembling, because the high priest had called him with a very loud voice. But as soon as he stretched forth his hand, and laid hold of his rod, immediately from the top of it came forth a dove whiter than snow, beautiful exceedingly, which, after long flying about the roofs of the temple, at length flew towards the heavens. Then all the people congratulated the old man, saying: Thou hast been made blessed in thine old age, O father Joseph, seeing that God hath shown thee to be fit to receive Mary. And the priests having said to him, Take her, because of all the tribe of Judah thou alone hast been chosen by God; Joseph began bashfully to address them, saying: I am an old man, and have children; why do you hand over to me this infant, who is younger than my grandsons?))

و في الهامش نقرا :
(( 1632 Or, twelve.))

https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf08.vii.v.ix.html

2. مصادر نصرانية تعترف بان مريم كان عمرها 12 سنة حينما تزوجت يوسف النجار .

نقرا من كتاب دائرة المعارف الكتابية الصفحة 125 :
(( الخطبة : تربت مريم في الناصرة و الارجح انها كانت في العقد الثاني من عمرها عندما خطبت . وفي كتاب تاريخ يوسف النجار ( من القرن الرابع) يقال انها كانت بنت اثنتي عشرة سنة عندما خطبت ليوسف الذي كان ارمل في التسعين و صاحب عائلة كبيرة. اما القصة الكتابية فتفترض انه كان شابا يشرع في الزواج لاول مرة ))

و نقرا من كتاب مخلصون احاطوا بالمذود للانبا تكلا الصفحة 9 :
(( و عندما بلغت مريم الثانية عشر سنة من عمرها و كان ابواها قد انتقلا من هذا العالم .... وعندئذ سلموا العذراء ليوسف الشيخ و خطبوها له لا لكي تكون زوجة له وينجب منها نسلا بل لتكون في رعايته و حمايته ))

اما كون انها اعطيت له لكي يربيها فقط و ليس لكي تكون له زوجة تنجب له فهذا لا يخرج عن كونه ترقيع لا يرتقي الى مرتبة الدليل

نقرا في كتاب ايام مع العدرا الصفحة 20 :
(( لما بلغت العذراء من العمر اثنتي عشر سنة ... وعند تسلم العصي لاربابها ظهر من عصا يوسف حمامه استقرت على راسه فسلم زكريا مريم اليه قائلا خذها و احفظها عندك لتكون لك امراة))

و نقرا من كتاب الانبا غريغوريوس (العذراء ، حياتها ، رموزها ، القابها ، فضائلها ، تكريمها ) الصفحة 21 :
(( وقد شهدت نصوص الانجيل ان يوسف زوج مريم رسميا ومريم زوجة ليوسف رسميا و ان كانا في الحقيقة عاشا معا كاب عجوز في نحو التسعين من عمره مع ابنته و هي صبية في الثانية عشر من عمرها ))

ونقرا ما قالته الموسوعة الكاثوليكية :
(( A year after his wife's death, as the priests announced through Judea that they wished to find in the tribe of Juda a respectable man to espouse Mary, then twelve to fourteen years of age. Joseph, who was at the time ninety years old, went up to Jerusalem among the candidates; a miracle manifested the choice God had made of Joseph, and two years later the Annunciation took place. These dreams, as St. Jerome styles them, from which many a Christian artist has drawn his inspiration (see, for instance, Raphael's "Espousals of the Virgin"), are void of authority; they nevertheless acquired in the course of ages some popularity; in them some ecclesiastical writers sought the answer to the well-known difficulty arising from the mention in the Gospel of "the Lord's brothers"; from them also popular credulity has, contrary to all probability, as well as to the tradition witnessed by old works of art, retained the belief that St. Joseph was an old man at the time of marriage with the Mother of God.))
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08504a.htm

و نقرا من السنكسار الاثيوبي :
And all the days of her life were sixty years; twelve years she lived in the Temple, three and thirty years she lived with Joseph, and after the Resurrection of our Lord Christ she lived for fifteen years in the house of John the evangelist,
http://www.stmichaeleoc.org/Synaxari...JJDa9kwMvHBcvs

أي أن عمر مريم وقت وفاتها كان ستين عاماً عاشت 12 سنة قضتها في الهيكل + 33 سنة مع يوسف+ 15 سنة مع يوحنا الإنجيلي أي أنها تزوجت من يوسف في الثانية عشرة من عمرها (بما أنها أقامت معه منذ تلك الفترة ) .

رابعا : وجود هذا النوع من الزواج في التاريخ و التشريع المسيحي .

1. انتشار هذا الزواج في المجتمع المسيحي قديما .
نقرا من كتاب الدبلة والاكليل صفحة 84 :((السن القانونية للزواج تتغير دائما مع تغيير العصور والأحوال المعيشية ففي مصر كانت السن القانونية في القرن الثالث وما قبله والتي يجوز عندها عقد الاكليل هي 14 للزوج و12 للزوجة.))

2. اجازة التشريع المسيحي (ان صح ان نقول هذه العبارة) لهذا الزواج .
نقرا من كتاب الخلاصة القانونية الصفحة المسالة الخامسة الصفحة 5:
(( اولا لا يملك من لم يمض من عمره سبع سنين على ان يملك و هو ابن سبع سنوات لا يجوز ان يتم له الزواج بالاكليل الا متى استوفى السن الجائز فيه التزوج على ما سترى في المسالة 14))

و نقرا في المسالة الرابعة عشر الصفحة 10 من كتاب الخلاصة القانونية :
(( متى تجاوز الذكر الاربعة عشر من عمره و الانثى الاثني عشر من عمرها جاز لهما ان يتزوجا اما الخطوبة وعقد الاملاك فيجوزان قبل هذا السن راجع مسالة 5))

و في هذا دلالة واضحة على انه يجوز للمسيحي الزواج و الخطبة من المسيحية التي لم يتجاوز عمرها 12 سنة و الدخول بها اذا تجاوز عمرها 12 سنة .

يتبع

**محمد سني** · 24 ديس, 2019, 07:33 م

3. القانون الانجليزي القديم يضع سن السابعة كادنى سن للزواج و يشترط البلوغ لحصول الجماع :
نقرا من الموسوعة البريطانية :
((In order to satisfy the requirement of a voluntary consent to a marriage, a party must have reached an age at which he or she is able to give meaningful consent, and it is also implied that a person may be legally disqualified on mental grounds from having capacity to marry. Marriages of young children, negotiated by their parents, are prohibited in most modern societies.Historically, the attitude of the English common law was that a person under seven years of age lacked the mental ability to consent to marriage, and that between seven years and puberty there could be consent but not consummation. At common law, therefore, the marriage of a person between the ages of seven and 12 or 14 was “inchoate” and would become “choate” on reaching puberty, if no objection was raised. Most modern legal systems provide for a legal minimum age of marriage ranging from 15 to 18 years)
https://www.britannica.com/topic/fam...ns-on-marriage.

4. في القرون الوسطى في اوروبا و خاصة في القرن الثاني عشر كان العرف يسمح بزواج من كان عمره اكبر من سبعة سنوات
نقرا من كتاب Adolescence, Sexuality, and the Criminal Law: Multidisciplinary Perspectives الصفحة 31
و نقرا من Encyclopedia of children an childhood in history and society
In medieval Europe, Gratian, the influential founder of Canon law in the twelfth century accepted the traditional age of puberty for marriage (between 12 and 14) but he also said consent was "meaningful" if the children were older than seven Some authorities said consent could take place earlier. Such a marriage would be permanent as long as neither party sought annulment before reaching puberty (12 for girls and 14 for boys) or if they had already consummated the marriage.))
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-...w/age-consentr

و نقرا ايضا من Encyclopedia of children and childhood in history and society :
( The seventeenth-century lawyer Henry Swinburne distinguished between the marriages of those under seven and those between seven and puberty. He wrote that those under seven who had said their vows had to ratify it afterwards by giving kisses and embraces, by lying together, by exchanging gifts or tokens, or by calling each other husband or wife.A contemporary, Philip Stubbes, wrote that in sixteenth-century East Anglia, infants still in swaddling clothes were married The most influential legal text of the seventeenth century in England, that of Sir Edward Coke, made it clear that the marriage of girls under twelve was normal, and the age at which a girl who was a wife was eligible for a dower from her husband's estate was nine even though her husband be only four years old.))
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-...aw/age-consent

و المفاجاة من نفس المصدر اعلاه الصفحة 32 ان جولييت المعروفة في القصة الرومانسية كان عمرها 13 سنة :
((Though Shakespeare set his Romeo and Juliet in Verona, the fact that Juliet was thirteen probably reflects the reality in England. Her mother, who was twenty-six, calls her almost an old maid )
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-...aw/age-consent

5. القانون الامريكي في بداياته في القرن السابعة عشر (ايام كانت امريكا عبارة عن مستوطنات Colonies) كان يجيز الزواج بالصغيرة التي لم يتجاوز عمرها التسع سنوات بل و كان يحق للزوجة ان تطلب الطلاق حينها اذا لم يبني الزوج بزوجته
نقرا من Encyclopedia of children and childhood in history and society :
(( The American colonies followed the English tradition but the law could at best be called a guide. For example in Virginia in 1689, Mary Hathaway was only nine when she was married to William Williams. We know of her case only because two years later she sued for divorce, and was released from the covenant she had made because the marriage had not been consummated.))
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-...aw/age-consent

وذكر هذا المثال المؤلف Vern L Bullough في كتابه الذي ذكرناه في الاعلىAdolescence, Sexuality, and the Criminal Law: Multidisciplinary Perspectives في الصفحة 32

6.القانون الفرنسي حتى القرن التاسع زمن نابليون كان يسمح بزواج كل من كان عمره 13 سنة و ما فوق
نقرا من Encyclopedia of children and childhood in history and society
((In the nineteenth century France issued the Napoleonic Code and many other countries, following France's example, began revising their laws. The Napoleonic Code, however, had not changed the age of consent, which remained at thirteen))
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-...aw/age-consent

خامسا : الحقائق العلمية تشير الى تفاوت سن البلوغ بين الاناث حسب العوامل المؤثرة .

كما ذكرنا سابقا فان سن البلوغ بين الاناث يختلف حسب عوامل منها الجغرافيا و المناخ و العرق و يظهر هذا التباين في سن بلوغ الاناث بين البلدان المختلفة ايضا .
نقرا من الموسوعة البريطانية :
((Because of genetic, environmental, and other factors, the timing of puberty varies from person to person and from country to country, but it usually occurs between ages 11 and 16. Among moderately well-off British or North American children, for example, puberty on average peaks at about age 12 for girls and age 14 for boys. However, increasing numbers of girls in those countries have started puberty by age 7 or 8. In 2010 a study of girls in three U.S. metropolitan regions revealed that some 10.4 percent of white girls, 14.9 percent of Hispanic girls, and 23.4 percent of black girls had begun puberty by age 7. Generally, puberty occurs earlier in black girls, the age range in the United States being between ages 9 and 14, compared with an age range between 10 and 14 for white girls in that country.))
https://www.britannica.com/science/puberty

بل ان النساء الاوروبيات يبلغن في سن متاخرة مقارنة بغيرهن
نقرا من Encyclopedia :
((Because physical maturity is linked to socioeconomic factors, ages at puberty have fluctuated from region to region and from period to period. In general, European women appear to have experienced menarche relatively late, at anywhere between fourteen and sixteen. Instances of women experiencing puberty at the age of twelve and thirteen can, of course, be found, but these cases are relatively uncommon and appear to have been regarded as highly unusual by contemporaries. ))
https://www.encyclopedia.com/interna...d-maps/puberty

و نقرا من موقع طبي ما مفاده ايضا ان الظروف الطبيعية و الغذائية تؤثر على سن البلوغ عند النساء :
((The onset of puberty varies among individuals. Puberty usually occurs in girls between the ages of 10 and 14, while in boys it generally occurs later, between the ages of 12 and 16. In some African-American girls, puberty begins earlier, at about age 9, meaning that puberty occurs from ages 9 to 14.Adolescent girls reach puberty today at earlier ages than were ever recorded previously. Nutritional and other environmental influences may be responsible for this change. For example, the average age of the onset of menstrual periods in girls was 15 in 1900. By the 1990s, this average had dropped to 12 and a half years of age.))
https://www.medicinenet.com/puberty/article.htm

هذا وصلى الله على سيدنا محمد و على اله وصحبه وسلم

**د.أمير عبدالله** · 24 ديس, 2019, 09:40 م

ماشاء الله لا قوة إلا بالله، الموضوع جامع شامل وموثق .. تقبل الله منكم وبارك فيكم

تم إعادة رفع الصور يا أستاذنا الكريم، على سيرفر المنتدى، وهذا لسهولة التصفح وحفظ الصور.

**ابا مريم** · 21 فبر, 2020, 11:13 م

ما شاء الله أكثر من رائع

الله يفتح عليك ويزيدك علم أخي الغالي

وأري والله أعلم ان أهم نقطة هي الأولي

اولا : ان هذا النوع من الزواج كان موجودا في الجاهلية و منتشرا و ليس بمستنكر

لأن كل مجتمع يتم الحكم عليه وفقاً لعاداته وتقاليده هو

وأرفق لك صورة من جريدة بتاريخ 10-3-2001 تشير الي فتاة تايلندية في التاسعة من عمرها تلد وتصبح أم

**ابا مريم** · 22 فبر, 2020, 11:37 م

وصورة اخري لو تسمح لي :
من كتاب وصف مصر تأليف الحملة الفرنسية أثناء وجودها في مصر
الجزء الأول ص 35
الكاتب الأجنبي يقول ان سن الزواج كان صغير وبمجرد البلوغ فالذكور يتزوجوا عند 14 او 15 عام والإناث عند 12 عام
ويكمل انه لا ينبغي الإندهاش من تلك الزيجات لأن الطقس يعمل علي سرعة البلوغ

**محمد سني** · 9 ماي, 2020, 04:33 م

المشاركة الأصلية بواسطة ابا مريم

وصورة اخري لو تسمح لي :
من كتاب وصف مصر تأليف الحملة الفرنسية أثناء وجودها في مصر
الجزء الأول ص 35
الكاتب الأجنبي يقول ان سن الزواج كان صغير وبمجرد البلوغ فالذكور يتزوجوا عند 14 او 15 عام والإناث عند 12 عام
ويكمل انه لا ينبغي الإندهاش من تلك الزيجات لأن الطقس يعمل علي سرعة البلوغ

جزاك الله خيرا اخي ابا مريم

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الرد على شبهة زواج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من عائشة رضي الله عنهما بعمر السادسة و دخوله عليها في التاسعة

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الرد على شبهة زواج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من عائشة رضي الله عنهما بعمر السادسة و دخوله عليها في التاسعة

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